Name: Micrococcus Cohn 1872 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Genus

Proposed as: gen. nov.

Etymology: Mi.cro.coc.cus. Gr. masc. adj. mikros, small, little (may keep -o); N.L. masc. n. coccus, coccus; from Gr. masc. n. kokkos, grain, seed; N.L. masc. n. Micrococcus, small coccus

Gender: masculine (stem: Micrococc-)

Type species: Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter 1872) Cohn 1872 (Approved Lists 1980)

Conduct genome-based taxonomy of genus at TYGS

16S rRNA gene: Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Cohn F. Untersuchungen über Bakterien. In: Cohn F (eds), Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 1 (Heft 2), 1872, Max Müller, Breslau, 1875, p. 127-224.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

Risk group: 1

• Emendations:
  • Stackebrandt et al. 1995 Stackebrandt E, Koch C, Gvozdiak O, Schumann P. Taxonomic dissection of the genus Micrococcus: Kocuria gen. nov., Nesterenkonia gen. nov., Kytococcus gen. nov., Dermacoccus gen. nov., and Micrococcus Cohn 1872 gen. emend. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1995; 45:682-692. Anonymous. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 45, part 4 of the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1996; 46:364-365.
    Notes:
    • ⊖ Emendation accompanied by the removal of 6 species from the genus.
  • Wieser et al. 2002 Wieser M, Denner EB, Kampfer P, Schumann P, Tindall B, Steiner U, Vybiral D, Lubitz W, Maszenan AM, Patel BK, et al. Emended descriptions of the genus Micrococcus, Micrococcus luteus (Cohn 1872) and Micrococcus lylae (Kloos et al. 1974). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:629-637. Anonymous. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 52, part 2 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:691-692.

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the family Micrococcaceae Pribram 1929 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Pribram E. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS. J Bacteriol 1929; 18:361-394.
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the order Micrococcales Prévot 1940 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Prévot AR. Manuel de classification et de determination des bacteries anaerobies. 1st ed. Masson, Paris, 1940.
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the suborder Micrococcineae Stackebrandt et al. 1997. Publication: Stackebrandt E, Rainey FA, Ward-Rainey NL. Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1997; 47:479-491.
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the tribe Micrococceae Prévot 1961 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Prévot AR. Traite de systematique bacterienne. Volume 2. Dunod, Paris, 1961.
  • 🧕 Bergey et al. (1923) assigned this genus to the tribe "Micrococceae". Publication: Waksman SA. Genus III. Actinomyces Harz,. In: Bergey DH, Harrison FC, Breed RS, Hammer BW, Huntoon FM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed., The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1923, p. 339-371.
  • 🧕 Cavalier-Smith (1981) assigned this genus to the subkingdom "Eubacteria" Cavalier-Smith 1981. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine? Biosystems 1981; 14:461-481.
  • 🧕 Goodfellow and Williams (1983) assigned this genus to the uncategorized "Actinobacteria" Goodfellow and Williams 1983. Publication: Goodfellow M, Williams ST. Ecology of actinomycetes. Annu Rev Microbiol 1983; 37:189-216.
  • 🧕 Prevot (1940) assigned this genus to the order Micrococcales Prévot 1940 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Prévot AR. Manuel de Classification et de Détermination des Bactéries Anaérobies, 1st ed. Masson, Paris, 1940.
  • 🧕 Prevot (1961) assigned this genus to the tribe Micrococceae Prévot 1961 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Prévot AR. Traité de Systématique Bactérienne, vol. 2. Dunod, Paris, 1961.
  • 🧕 Stackebrandt et al. (1997) assigned this genus to the suborder Micrococcineae Stackebrandt et al. 1997. Publication: Stackebrandt E, Rainey FA, Ward-Rainey NL. Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1997; 47:479-491.
  • 🧕 Winslow et al. (1920) assigned this genus to the tribe "Micrococceae". Publication: Winslow CE, Broadhurst J, Buchanan RE, Krumwiede C, Rogers LA, Smith GH. The Families and Genera of the Bacteria: Final Report of the Committee of the Society of American Bacteriologists on Characterization and Classification of Bacterial Types. J Bacteriol 1920; 5:191-229.
  • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus [Bacteridium]. Publication: Schroeter J. Über einige durch Bacterien gebildete Pigmente. (1872). In: Cohn F (eds), Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen, Max Müller, Breslau, 1875, p. 109-126.
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Aficrococcus"; "Alicrococcus"; "Iicrococcus"; "Jficrococcus"; "Jhcrococcus"; "Jiicrococcus"; "Jlficrococcus"; "Jlicrococcus"; "Jllicrococcus"; "Mfrracoccus"; "Mfrrococcus"; "Miarococcus"; "Micmcoccus"; "Micorococcus"; "Micraaoccus"; "Micracaccus"; "Micracmccus"; "Micracocaus"; "Micracoccus"; "Micracuccus"; "Micracuczcus"; "Micrccoccus"; "Micrcmoccus"; "Micrcococcus"; "Micrgcoccus"; "Micrmcaccus"; "Micrmfoccus"; "Micrmroccus"; "Micrncoccus"; "Microaoccus"; "Microaoceus"; "Microboccus"; "Microcaccrm"; "Microcaccus"; "Microcaccux"; "Microcaceus"; "Microcacwus"; "Microcavous"; "Microccccus"; "Microcccus"; "Microccmcus"; "Microccocus"; "Microccus"; "Microccweus"; "Microceccus"; "Microceoceus"; "Microcgccus"; "Microcmccus"; "Microcmcus"; "Microcmrcus"; "Microcmrrus"; "Microcmtcus"; "Microcnccus"; "Microcoacus"; "Micrococaus"; "Micrococccus"; "Micrococceus"; "Micrococciis"; "Micrococciw"; "Micrococcrus"; "Micrococcua"; "Micrococcue"; "Micrococcuis"; "Micrococcw"; "Micrococcwe"; "Micrococcwr"; "Micrococczus"; "Micrococeus"; "Micrococmus"; "Microcococcus"; "Microcococus"; "Micrococous"; "Micrococrcus"; "Micrococrus"; "Micrococus"; "Micrococvus"; "Micrococws"; "Micrococzcus"; "Microcomcus"; "Microcomtus"; "Microcoocus"; "Microcooous"; "Microcorcus"; "Microcorscus"; "Microcovcus"; "Microcpccus"; "Microcsccus"; "Microcuccus"; "Microcucous"; "Microcvccus"; "Microecocus"; "Microeoceus"; "Microeoecus"; "Micromccua"; "Micromccus"; "Micronoccus"; "Microococcus"; "Microooccus"; "Microoocous"; "Microooocus"; "Microoooous"; "Microroccus"; "Microrocrus"; "Microwccus"; "Micrpcoccus"; "Micrqcoccus"; "Micrrmoccus"; "Micrrococcus"; "Micrucoccus"; "Micrvcoccus"; "Mictrococcus"; "Miczococcus"; "Mierococcus"; "Mierococeus"; "Mierocoecus"; "Mikrocaccus"; "Minrocaccus"; "Miorococcus"; "Miorococous"; "Mircococcus"; "Mirrocnccus"; "Mirrococcus"; "Mirrocuccus"; "Mlcrococcus"; "Mlcrocvccus"; "Mllicrococcus"; "Murrococcus"; "Mzcroccccus"; "Mzcrococcus"; "Nficrococcus"; "Nhcrococcus"; "Nicrococcus"; "Nlierococcus"; "Uicrococcus"; "Wcrococcus".
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: de Lajudie P, Young JPW. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Rhizobia and Agrobacteria Minutes of the meeting by video conference, 11 July 2018. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:1835-1840.
  • 💁 Taxonomists who have recently focused on this group are the corresponding authors of Prakash et al. (2015), Zhang et al. (2010), Zhao et al. (2009). Editors in search of reviewers are advised to consider additional criteria such as whether a taxon is covered by one of the ICSP subcommittees.
  • 🎰 The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: DSM: 35; ATCC: 27; CCUG: 24; CIP: 22; JCM: 20; NBRC: 19; LMG: 18; NCTC: 18; IFO: 12; CCM: 9.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🧍 According to Shipunov (2011), this name is a hemihomonym. Publication: Shipunov A. The problem of hemihomonyms and the on-line hemihomonyms database (HHDB). Bionomina 2011; 4:65-72.
  • 🧍 Pittman et al. (1991) suggested the abbreviation "MICO" for this genus name but this does not appear to be of practical relevance any longer. Publication: Pittman KF, Walczak CA, Lock CM. Codes and abbreviations for approved of effectively published names of genera of bacteria published from January 1980 to December 1990. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:571-579.
  • 🧍 This name was treated in Judicial Opinion 25. Publication: Judicial Commission. Judicial Opinion No. 25. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1963; 13:33-35.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 9
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 19
Total number of child taxa: 49

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Micrococcus agilis Ali-Cohen 1889 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Micrococcus aloeverae Prakash et al. 2014	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    "Micrococcus amylovorus" Burrill 1882	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    Micrococcus antarcticus Liu et al. 2000	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Micrococcus calcoaceticus" Beijerinck 1911	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    "Micrococcus candicans" Fluegge 1886	not validly published	preferred name
    "Micrococcus cerolyticus" Friedmann and Kern 1956	not validly published	preferred name
    "Micrococcus cinereus" von Lingelsheim 1906	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    Micrococcus cohnii Rieser et al. 2013	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Micrococcus colpogenes" Campbell and Williams 1951	not validly published	preferred name
    "Micrococcus cryophilus" McLean et al. 1951	not validly published	preferred name
    "Micrococcus denitrificans" Beijerinck and Minkman 1910	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    "Micrococcus diversus" Girard and Cosenza 1970	not validly published	preferred name
    Micrococcus endophyticus Chen et al. 2009	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Micrococcus flavus Liu et al. 2007	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Micrococcus fulvus" Cohn 1875	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    "Micrococcus gallicidus" Burrill 1883	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    "Micrococcus glutamicus" Kinoshita et al. 1958	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    Micrococcus halobius Onishi and Kamekura 1972 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    "Micrococcus halodenitrificans" Robinson and Gibbons 1952	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    "Micrococcus hyicus" Sompolinsky 1953	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    "Micrococcus indolicus" Christiansen 1934	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    Micrococcus kristinae Kloos et al. 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Micrococcus lactis Chittpurna et al. 2011	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Micrococcus lacusdianchii Wang et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter 1872) Cohn 1872 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Micrococcus lylae Kloos et al. 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Micrococcus meningitidis" Albrecht and Ghon 1901	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    "Micrococcus niger" Hall 1930	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    Micrococcus nishinomiyaensis Oda 1935 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    "Micrococcus nitrosus" Migula 1900	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    "Micrococcus pelletieri" Laveran 1906	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    "Micrococcus phosphoreus" Cohn 1878	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    "Micrococcus pneumoniae" Klein 1884	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    Micrococcus porci Lee et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Micrococcus prevotii" Foubert and Douglas 1948	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    "Micrococcus prodigiosus" Cohn 1872	not validly published	preferred name
    "Micrococcus radiodurans" Raj et al. 1960	not validly published	preferred name
    "Micrococcus radioproteolyticus" Kobatake et al. 1973	not validly published	preferred name
    Micrococcus roseus Flügge 1886 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    "Micrococcus saccharolyticus" Foubert and Douglas 1948	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    "Micrococcus saprophyticus" (Fairbrother 1940) Baird-Parker 1971	not validly published	preferred name
    Micrococcus sedentarius ZoBell and Upham 1944 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    "Micrococcus sodonensis" Aaronson 1955	not validly published	preferred name
    "Micrococcus subflavus" Flügge 1886	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    Micrococcus terreus Zhang et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Micrococcus variabilis" Foubert and Douglas 1948	not validly published	preferred name
    Micrococcus varians Migula 1900 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Micrococcus yunnanensis Zhao et al. 2009	validly published under the ICNP	synonym

Parent taxon: Micrococcaceae Pribram 1929 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Parker CD. Genus V. Thiobacillus Beijerinck 1904. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Smith NR (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th edition, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1957, p. 83-88.

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Record number: 516085