Name: Spirochaetes Cavalier-Smith 2002

Category: Class

Proposed as: class. nov.

Etymology: Spi.ro.chae’tes. N.L. fem. pl. n. Spirochaetales, type order of the class; N.L. fem. pl. n. Spirochaetes, the class of Spirochaetales (sic)

Gender: feminine

Type order: Spirochaetales Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980)

Valid publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76.

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 52, part 1 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:293-295.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP, rejected name

Taxonomic status: synonym

Correct name: Spirochaetia Paster 2020

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Brevinematia Chuvochina et al. 2024	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Brachyspiria Chuvochina et al. 2024	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    "Leptospiria" Cavalier-Smith 2020	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
    Leptospiria Chuvochina et al. 2024	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    "Spirochaetia" Cavalier-Smith 2020	homotypic synonym, not validly published
    Spirochaetia Paster 2020	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Notes:
  • 🧕 Cavalier-Smith (2002) assigned this class to the division "Spirochaetae" Cavalier-Smith 2002. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76.
  • 🧕 Cavalier-Smith (2002) assigned this class to the phylum "Spirochaetae" (Ehrenberg 1855) Cavalier-Smith 1998. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76.
  • 🧕 Luketa (2012) assigned this class to the kingdom "Hydrobacterida" Luketa 2012. Publication: Luketa S. New views on the megaclassification of life. Protistology 2012; 7:218-237.
  • 🧒 Cavalier-Smith (2002) assigned the order Spirochaetales Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980) to this class. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76.
  • 🧒 Gupta et al. (2013) assigned the order Brachyspirales Gupta et al. 2014 to this class. Publication: Gupta RS, Mahmood S, Adeolu M. Erratum: A phylogenomic and molecular signature based approach for characterization of the Phylum Spirochaetes and its major clades: proposal for a taxonomic revision of the phylum. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:322.
  • 🧒 Gupta et al. (2013) assigned the order Brevinematales Gupta et al. 2014 to this class. Publication: Gupta RS, Mahmood S, Adeolu M. Erratum: A phylogenomic and molecular signature based approach for characterization of the Phylum Spirochaetes and its major clades: proposal for a taxonomic revision of the phylum. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:322.
  • 🧒 Gupta et al. (2013) assigned the order Leptospirales Gupta et al. 2014 to this class. Publication: Gupta RS, Mahmood S, Adeolu M. Erratum: A phylogenomic and molecular signature based approach for characterization of the Phylum Spirochaetes and its major clades: proposal for a taxonomic revision of the phylum. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:322.
  • 🧒 Imachi et al. (2008) assigned the genus Exilispira Imachi et al. 2008 to this class. Publication: Imachi H, Sakai S, Hirayama H, Nakagawa S, Nunoura T, Takai K, Horikoshi K. Exilispira thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, thermophilic spirochaete isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:2258-2265.
  • 🛺 The type order of this class has been placed in the class Spirochaetia Paster 2020. Publication: Paster BJ. Class I. Spirochaetia class. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, et al. (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes, vol. 4, 2nd ed., Springer, New York, 2010, p. 471-563.
  • 🚃 The type order of this class has alternatively been placed in the class Schizomycetes Nägeli 1857 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Parker CD. Genus V. Thiobacillus Beijerinck 1904. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Smith NR (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th edition, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1957, p. 83-88.
  • 🚃 The type order of this class has alternatively been placed in the class Schizomycetes Nägeli 1857 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Breed RS, Murray EG, Hitchens AP. THE OUTLINE CLASSIFICATION USED IN THE BERGEY MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY. Bacteriol Rev 1944; 8:255-260.
  • 🚃 The type order of this class has alternatively been placed in the class Schizomycetes Nägeli 1857 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Burkholder WH. Genus I. Pseudomonas Migula. Bacterial plant pathogens. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Hitchens AP (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 6th ed., The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1948, p. 82-150.
  • 🚃 The type order of this class has alternatively been placed in the class Schizomycetes Nägeli 1857 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Waksman SA. Genus III. Actinomyces Harz,. In: Bergey DH, Harrison FC, Breed RS, Hammer BW, Huntoon FM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed., The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1923, p. 339-371.
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Sphirochaetes"; "Spiochaetes"; "Spirocbaetes"; "Spirochates"; "Spirochatetes"; "Spirochcetes"; "Spirochetes"; "Spirochietes"; "Spirochmycetes"; "Spirochretes"; "Spirochsetes"; "Sprichoaetes"; "Spriochaetes"; "Spyrochaetes".
  • 🧍 Rejected Name (Judicial Commission, Opinion 79 suppl.; IJSEM 64: 3599–3602). Publication: Tindall BJ. Names at the rank of class, subclass and order, their typification and current status: Supplementary information to Opinion 79. Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3599-3602.

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Record number: 67